'RMxSCMotives - Study3 - Louvain-là-Neuve, Janvier 21, 2022'
(AsPredicted #85,802)
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1) Have any data been collected for this study already?
No, no data have been collected for this study yet.

2) What's the main question being asked or hypothesis being tested in this study?
Research question: Does followers' regulatory mode predict who they will seek orientation from (peer vs. leader) depending on different motives?

Hypothesis 1: The more assessment oriented people are, the more they will prefer to seek orientation from a peer rather than a leader when they want to self-enhance, whereas they will equally prefer peer and leader when they want to self-evaluate (i.e., an assessment by motive interaction).

Hypothesis 2: The more locomotion oriented people are, the more they will prefer to seek orientation from a leader rather than a peer, independently of the (self-evaluation or self-enhancement) motives (i.e., a main effect of locomotion).

3) Describe the key dependent variable(s) specifying how they will be measured.
Preferred target of social orientation
Participants will be presented with different motives for seeking orientation from others (self-evaluation, self-improvement, self-enhancement and emulation). For each motive, they will be asked to indicate who, between their peer and manager, they would most likely seek orientation from.
Answering format: 7-point Likert scale , first point on scale = "Peer", middle point on scale = "Peer & Manager to the same extent" and last point on scale = "Manager"
The scale is composed of 16 items, with each of the 4 motives measured by 4 items. Self-evaluation, self-improvement, and self-enhancement items are adapted from Buunk et al. (2007), and emulation items are adapted from Peters et al. (2018).

The score for each motives scale will be computed by calculating the mean score of the 4 items of the respective sub-scale scale.

Social orientation tendencies (included for exploratory purpose)
We will use an adapted version of the above scale which will ask participants how frequently they seek orientation from others for each of the four motives. The score for this scale will be computed by calculating the mean score of the 16 items of the overall scale.

4) How many and which conditions will participants be assigned to?
Measured independent variables:
Regulatory mode, using the items from the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire (Kruglanski et el., 2000). Participants will be asked "Please read each of the following statements and decide how much you agree with each according to your beliefs and experiences", answering format ranging from 1=strongly disagree to 6=strongly agree.
- Assessment mode: 12 items
- Locomotion mode: 12 items

The score for each mode scale will be computed by calculating the mean score of the 12 items of the scale.

5) Specify exactly which analyses you will conduct to examine the main question/hypothesis.
To test our hypotheses, we will conduct a multilevel model analysis. We will regress participants preferred target of social orientation score on their assessment mode score, their locomotion mode score, the orientation motives, the interactions between the two modes and the orientation motives (i.e., assessment x motives; locomotion x motives) and participants random effects. Orientation motives is a four level predictor, we will use a set of contrasts that allows the following contrasts: emulation vs. rest; self-improvement vs. rest; and self-evaluation vs. self-enhancement.

6) Describe exactly how outliers will be defined and handled, and your precise rule(s) for excluding observations.
Inclusion criteria:
a) Being between 18 years old and 65 years old.
b) Being an English native speaker (First language English).
c) Having a minimum of 97% approval rate on Prolific.
d) Being employed (employment status "Full-time" or "Part-time", >40%).
e) Having a manager (answer "yes" to the question do you have a direct supervisor at work?).
f) Not having participated in our previous studies on the same topic.

Exclusion criteria:
a) Two attention checks will be embedded in the questionnaire. They will consist in items with the instruction to select the response option "1" on a Likert scale. One of these items will be imbedded in the regulatory mode scale, the second item will be imbedded in the items that measure orientation motives. Participants who fail to select "1" on both items will be excluded from the analyses (their participation will not be validated on Prolific).
b) Participants who present as statistical outliers (standardized student > |3|; Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2003; Judd, McClelland, & Ryan, 2011) for the dependent measures will be excluded from the analyses.
c) Participants that do not indicate being employed ("Full-time" or "Part-time, > 40%") in the demographic items at the end of the study will be excluded from the analyses.
d) Participants who do not indicate having a manager (answer "yes" to the question do you have a direct supervisor at work?) in the demographic items at the end of the study will be excluded from analyses.

7) How many observations will be collected or what will determine sample size?
No need to justify decision, but be precise about exactly how the number will be determined.
We conducted a-priori power analysis using the simr package (Green & MacLeod, 2016) in R and based the calculation on the model and effects sizes (assessment by self-evaluation vs. self-enhancement contrast interaction: b = - 0.195; locomotion main effect: b = 0.236) found in a similar previous study that we have run. To ensure 80% power (1-β) and α = .05, the analysis indicated that we need 250 participants.
To account for the possible loss of participants due to our exclusion criteria, we will collect 300 participants in total.

8) Anything else you would like to pre-register?
(e.g., secondary analyses, variables collected for exploratory purposes, unusual analyses planned?)
For exploratory purposes, we will measure social orientation tendencies. We will test whether assessment, locomotion and the motives predict social orientation tendencies in an exploratory manner.