'Study3RMxBig2_1fev2023'
(AsPredicted #120,562)
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1) Have any data been collected for this study already?
No, no data have been collected for this study yet.

2) What's the main question being asked or hypothesis being tested in this study?
Research question: Does leaders' assertiveness more strongly influence followers' satisfaction with them and their motivation than leaders' ability depending on followers' locomotion mode?

Hypothesis 1: The positive relationship between followers' locomotion mode and their leader satisfaction as well as their motivation will be stronger for a highly assertive compared to a highly competent leader.

3) Describe the key dependent variable(s) specifying how they will be measured.
Dependent variables:
For both measures, the scale ranges from 1 (totally disagree) to 7 (totally agree).

- Satisfaction with the leader, using three items, two adapted from Pierro et al. (2009) and one self-created.
- Motivation, using three items from the extra-effort sub-scale of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Bass & Avolio, 1997).

4) How many and which conditions will participants be assigned to?
Measured independent variables:
Regulatory mode, using the 24 items from the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire (Kruglanski et el., 2000). Participants will be asked "Please read each of the following statements and decide how much you agree with each according to your beliefs and experiences", on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree).
- Assessment mode: 12 items
- Locomotion mode: 12 items

The score for each scale will be computed by calculating the mean of the 12 items of each subscale.

Manipulated independent variables:
Leaders' facets of the vertical dimension, using two different leader profils (Carpinelli et al., 2023). Participants will be asked to imagine working in a company under the supervision of a person who serves as their manager/leader. They will then see a "personality profile" of their leader, depicting their leader as either high in assertiveness or high in ability (with other characteristics, e.g. agreeableness being rather average). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two conditions.

Manipulation check, placed after the dependent variables:
Participant will be asked "The one clear biggest strength of the line-manager/ supervisor under whose supervision I was asked to imaging working was his...", and given " determination / competence / agreeableness / openness / honesty / sensibility" as answering options.

5) Specify exactly which analyses you will conduct to examine the main question/hypothesis.
We will run three separate regressions, one with participants' satisfaction, one with participants' motivation score, and one with a joining (satisfaction & motivation) score as dependent variable. We will regress each dependent variable on participants' locomotion score (mean centered), leaders' facets (high assertiveness coded 0.5; high ability coded -0.5), and the interactions between locomotion and leaders' facet.

We will also run these analyses adding assessment score to the model. Specifically, we will regress each dependent variable on participants' locomotion score (mean centered), participants' assessment score (mean centered), leaders' facets (high assertiveness coded 0.5; high ability coded -0.5), and the interactions between the two modes and leaders' facet (i.e., locomotion x leaders' facets + assessment x leaders' facets).

We will run these two sets of analyses twice, once including and once excluding participants who did not respond correctly to our manipulation control.

6) Describe exactly how outliers will be defined and handled, and your precise rule(s) for excluding observations.
Inclusion criteria:
a) Being between 18 years old and 65 years old.
b) Being an English native speaker (First language English).
c) Having a minimum of 97% approval rate on Prolific.
d) Being employed (employment status "Full-time" or "Part-time", >40%).
e) Having a manager (answer "yes" to the question "Do you have a direct supervisor at work?").
f) Not having participated in our previous study on the topic.

Exclusion criteria:
a) One attention check will be embedded in the questionnaire. It will consist of an item with the instruction to select the response option "1" on a Likert scale imbedded in the items that measure participants' regulatory mode. Participants who fail to select "1" on this item will be excluded from the analyses.
b) Participants who present as statistical outliers (standardized student > |3|; Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2003; Judd, McClelland, & Ryan, 2011) for the dependent measures will be excluded from the analyses.
c) Participants who do not indicate being employed ("Full-time" or "Part-time, > 40%") in the demographic items at the end of the study will be excluded from the analyses.
d) Participants who do not indicate having a manager (answer "yes" to the question "Do you have a direct supervisor at work?") in the demographic items at the end of the study will be excluded from analyses.

7) How many observations will be collected or what will determine sample size?
No need to justify decision, but be precise about exactly how the number will be determined.
We conducted a power analysis using the PANGEA webapp (Westfall, 2016), specifying a design with three variables : Participants, Locomotion (2 levels) and Leader's facet (2 levels), with participants nested in locomotion and leader's facet.
We aimed for being able to detect an interaction between locomotion and leaders' facets with a small to medium effect size (i.e., d = .30). In order to detect this effect size, this power analysis indicated that 356 participants would be required to ensure 80% power (1-β) with α = .05.
To anticipate the possible loss of participants due to our exclusion criteria, we will collect 375 participants in total.

8) Anything else you would like to pre-register?
(e.g., secondary analyses, variables collected for exploratory purposes, unusual analyses planned?)
NA