'The Look of A Leader.'
(AsPredicted #171,879)
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1) Have any data been collected for this study already?
No, no data have been collected for this study yet.

2) What's the main question being asked or hypothesis being tested in this study?
Using a reverse correlation method, we are interested in examining people's mental representations of leaders (and followers) in different racial and gender social groups.

Black female, Black male, White female, and White male base images are generated by blending 50+ images of each social category from the Chicago Face Dataset (Ma et al., 2015). The gender and race ambiguous image is created by blending all four social category images. The Black gender ambiguous image is a blend of the Black female and Black male base images; the White gender ambiguous image is a blend of the White female and White male base images; the female race ambiguous image is a blend of the Black female and White female base images; and the male race ambiguous image is a blend of the Black male and White male base images. Ambiguity in these images is ensured through pre-testing using the same online data source as the main studies

- Study 1: How does a leader (and a follower) look if participants are asked to conduct the reverse correlation task using a gender (female vs. male) and race (Black vs. White American) ambiguous image?
- Study 2: How does a leader (and a follower) look if the participants are asked to conduct the reverse correlation task using a race ambiguous male image?
- Study 3: How does a leader (and a follower) look if the participants are asked to conduct the reverse correlation task using a race ambiguous female image?
- Study 4: How does a leader (and a follower) look if the participants are asked to conduct the reverse correlation task using a gender ambiguous White American image?
- Study 5: How does a leader (and a follower) look if the participants are asked to conduct the reverse correlation task using a gender ambiguous Black American image?

3) Describe the key dependent variable(s) specifying how they will be measured.
Each study consists of three parts.
Part A of the study:
In the reverse correlation task, participants will be asked to select which of two images, each with random noise imposed on the base image, looks more like a leader.
Part B of the study:
In the reverse correlation task, participants will be asked to select which of two images, each with random noise imposed on the base image, looks more like a follower.
Participants' selections will be aggregated to create leader and follower images for use in Part C of the study.
Part C of the study:
Following suggestions from Cone et al. (2020), participants will rate each generated leader and follower image (overall, images generated by female participants, images generated by male participants, and 10 random breakdowns of the overall image) on the following 1-6 Likert Scale items:
- Perceived gender
- Perceived race
- Happiness
- Dominance
- Attractiveness
- Likability
- Trustworthiness
- Competence
- Warmth
- Powerfulness

4) How many and which conditions will participants be assigned to?
Within Part A & Part B studies, there are no conditions assigned to participants. However, for Part C, the results from Part A images and Part B images will be compared against each other, making the leader images and the follower images as the two conditions. Participants in Part C will rate images from both Part A and Part B, making it a within-subject study on one of the ten dependent variables.

5) Specify exactly which analyses you will conduct to examine the main question/hypothesis.
Part A & Part B:
The selected images (leader selections for Part A and follower selections for Part B) will be combined to create the leader and follower images for each social group combinations.
Part C:
The descriptive statistics (e.g., averages and standard deviations) of the leader and follower images from all participants will be calculated.
Multilevel linear regressions models will be used to compare the ratings between leader images and follower images within each study.
The dependent variable would be the ten dependent variable measures of the images and the key independent variable would be whether the image was from a leader image of a follower image.
The participant and the specific image slice will be used as random intercepts.

6) Describe exactly how outliers will be defined and handled, and your precise rule(s) for excluding observations.
Participants will be asked to write a full sentence at the end of the survey to verify that they're not robots. Individuals who failed to provide a full sentence answer will be excluded.

7) How many observations will be collected or what will determine sample size?
No need to justify decision, but be precise about exactly how the number will be determined.
Following the suggestions of Cone et al. (2020), we aim to recruit a large number of participants in Part A & B and a small number of participants in Part C.
Therefore, we will recruit 250 participants for each of the Part A & B studies and 30 participants for each of the ten dependent variables of Part C studies.
In total, with five studies, we will recruit (250+250+30*10)*5 = 4000 participants.

8) Anything else you would like to pre-register?
(e.g., secondary analyses, variables collected for exploratory purposes, unusual analyses planned?)
Nothing else to pre-register.